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| children = 6 | occupation = Filmmaker & Co-Founder DreamWorks Studios | education = Saratoga (CA) High School | alma_mater = California State University, Long Beach | religion = Judaism | relations = Anne Spielberg (sister) | networth = US$3.6 billion (2015)〔("Steven Spielberg" ). ''Forbes''. Retrieved January 15, 2015.〕 | years_active = 1963–present }} Steven Allan Spielberg (born December 18, 1946) is an American director, producer and screenwriter. Spielberg is considered as one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era, as well as being viewed as one of the most popular and influential directors and producers in film history.〔''The cinema of Steven Spielberg: Empire of light''. Nigel Morris. Wallflower Press. 2007〕 In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in ''Schindler's List''), the transatlantic slave trade (in ''Amistad''), war (in ''Empire of the Sun'', ''Saving Private Ryan'', and ''War Horse''), and terrorism (in ''Munich''). He is one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios. His other films include ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind'', the ''Indiana Jones'' film series, and ''A.I. Artificial Intelligence''. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for ''Schindler's List'' (1993) and ''Saving Private Ryan'' (1998).〔Directors with two or more Oscars〕 Three of Spielberg's films—''Jaws'' (1975), ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' (1982), and ''Jurassic Park'' (1993)—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide, making him the highest-grossing director in history. His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion.〔 ==Early life== Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fred A. Bernstein )〕 was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www.filmreference.com/film/85/Steven-Spielberg.html )〕 His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.〔 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis. As a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. "It isn't something I enjoy admitting," he once said, "but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me, I was embarrassed because we were Orthodox Jews. I was embarrassed by the outward perception of my parents' Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times." Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying: "In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. Two bloody noses. It was horrible." His first home movie was of a train wreck involving his toy Lionel trains, then age 12. Throughout his early teens, and after entering high school, Spielberg continued to make amateur 8 mm "adventure" films. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the photography merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled ''The Last Gunfight''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://doney.net/aroundaz/celebrity/spielberg_stephen.htm )〕 Years later, Spielberg recalled to a magazine interviewer, "My dad's still-camera was broken, so I asked the scoutmaster if I could tell a story with my father's movie camera. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western. I made it and got my merit badge. That was how it all started."〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Nickelodeon Magazine )〕 At age thirteen, while living in Phoenix, Spielberg won a prize for a 40-minute war film he titled ''Escape to Nowhere'', using a cast composed of other high school friends. That motivated him to make 15 more amateur 8mm films.〔 In 1963, at age sixteen, Spielberg wrote and directed his first independent film, a 140-minute science fiction adventure called ''Firelight'', which would later inspire ''Close Encounters''. The film was made for $500, most of which came from his father, and was shown in a local cinema for one evening, which earned back its cost.〔From Inside the Actor's Studio with James Lipton interviewing Steven Spielberg.〕 After attending Arcadia High School in Phoenix for three years, his family next moved to Saratoga, California where he later graduated from Saratoga High School in 1965. He attained the rank of Eagle Scout. His parents divorced while he was still in school, and soon after he graduated Spielberg moved to Los Angeles, staying initially with his father. His long-term goal was to become a film director. His three sisters and mother remained in Saratoga. In Los Angeles, he applied to the University of Southern California's film school, but was turned down because of his "C" grade average.〔Fischer, Dennis. ''Science Fiction Film Directors, 1895-1998'', McFarland & Co. (2000)〕 He then applied and was admitted to California State University, Long Beach, where he majored in English, and became a brother of Theta Chi Fraternity.〔("Notable Theta Chis" ), Theta Chi Fraternity alumni〕 While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Board of Trustees - About USC )〕 He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, ''Amblin''', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.〔 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Steven Spielberg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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